Biological Model Systems, 7.5 credits

Learning outcomes

Knowledge and comprehension
After having completed the course, the student shall have knowledge of

• the different animal, plant, cellular and microbial model systems used in biology,
• the applications, benefits and limitations of using model systems for biological questions, and
• the regulations and ethics associated for using animal models and genetically modified organisms.

Skills and Abilities
After completing the course, the student shall be able to

• understand the applications of the different model systems,
• identify and select animal and plant models for different biological questions,
• demonstrate the ability to practically handle selected model systems, and
• assess ethical issues associated with the applications of animals and genetically modified organisms in understanding biology.

Evaluation ability and approach
After completing the course, the student shall have an

• critically review and reflect on applications based on biological principles, and
• with increased autonomy, identify problems and the need for additional knowledge for the development of new biological applications.

Content

The course will present an overview of the different model systems used within biology and describing how they have contributed to our understanding of biological processes. This includes microbial models (bacteria, yeast), animal models (Caenorhabditis elegans, banana fly, zebrafish, chicken, mouse, rat), plant models (Arabidopsis) and in vitro experimental models (cell cultures, organoids, stem cells). The pros and cons of the different models will be highlighted. Furthermore, the types of biological questions that can be studied and the methods used with each model system will be discussed. The ethical regulations governing the use of laboratory animals and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) will be introduced. A practical moment using selected models will be included.

Examinations and grades

Theoretical, 5 credits (Code: A001)
Grades used are Fail (F), Sufficient (E), Satisfactory (D), Good (C), Very Good (B) or Excellent (A).

Laboratory Class Work, 1.5 credits (Code: A002)
Grades used are Fail (U) or Pass (G).

Other Activities, 1 credits (Code: A003)
Grades used are Fail (U) or Pass (G).

According to the Higher Education Ordinance, Chapter 6, Section 18, a grade is to be awarded on the completion of a course, unless otherwise prescribed by the university. The university may determine which grading system is to be used. The grade must be determined by a teacher specifically nominated by the university (the examiner).

In accordance with university regulations on grading systems for first and second-cycle courses and study programmes (Vice-Chancellor’s decision ORU 2018/00929), one of the following grades is to be used: fail (U), pass (G) or pass with distinction (VG). For courses included in an international master’s programme (60 or 120 credits) or offered to the university’s incoming exchange students, the A to F grading scale is to be used. The vice-chancellor, or a person appointed by them, may decide on exceptions from this provision for a specific course, if there are special grounds for doing so.

The grades used on this course are Fail (F), Sufficient (E), Satisfactory (D), Good (C), Very Good (B) or Excellent (A).

Modes of assessment

• Theoretica (code A001): Written examination
• Laboratory class work (code A002): Written assignment
• Other activities (code A003): Oral examination and written assignment

If a student is absent from a mandatory course component, the examiner determines if the student will be able to make up for the component during another scheduled class of the same kind. Otherwise, the student is referred to the next time the course is offered. As an exception, the examiner may decide on substitute assignments. These shall then be carried out before or shortly after the end of the course.

For students with a documented disability, the university may approve applications for adapted or other modes of assessment.

For further information, see the university's local examination regulations.

Specific entry requirements

30 credits in Biology including Cell Biology 15 Credits and Physiology 7.5 Credits. An additionally 30 Credits in Chemistry or Biology.

For further information, see the university's admission regulations.

Other provisions

Language of instruction: Swedish and/or English. The course is given in English if there are foreign students registered.

Students who have been admitted to and registered on a course have the right to receive tuition and/or supervision for the duration of the time period specified for the particular course to which they were accepted (see, the university's admission regulations (in Swedish)). After that, the right to receive tuition and/or supervision expires.

Reading list and other learning resources

Required Reading

The course will be based on scientific literature including articles from journals and articles that the students themselves identify will supplement these.

Additional Reading

Jarret, Robert L., & Kevin McCluskey, eds. (2019)
The biological resources of model organisms
CRC Press

Additions and Comments on the Reading List
Additional material including lecture reading, laboratory instructions and other material will be provided.